{"id":402,"date":"2018-01-16T14:43:54","date_gmt":"2018-01-16T07:43:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/adi.loc\/?p=402"},"modified":"2018-01-16T14:43:54","modified_gmt":"2018-01-16T07:43:54","slug":"ngo-khong-hat-nguyen-nhan-va-cach-khac-phuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adiagri.com\/en\/ngo-khong-hat-nguyen-nhan-va-cach-khac-phuc\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t \u2013 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Vietnamese<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra ng\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c\u2026<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai sau c\u00e2y l\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. V\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u01a1n\u00a01 tri\u1ec7u ha ng\u00f4 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi TBKT trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng canh t\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4 lai thay gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y ng\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ng\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 S\u01a1n La, \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k\u2026<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi c\u00e2y l\u00faa, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n canh t\u00e1c ng\u00f4 g\u1eb7p \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n, th\u1eddi gian ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y ng\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u00edt h\u01a1n, chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t ha canh t\u00e1c ng\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng cao b\u1eb1ng l\u00faa. Nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng cao v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 80% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c ng\u00f4 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong canh t\u00e1c ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Trong khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng di\u1ec5n ra ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00ec canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e0ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. B\u00e0 con n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u00e0 con tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ee7i ro tr\u00ean ng\u00f4,\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin n\u00eau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o b\u00e0 con \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n


\nBi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng ra h\u1ea1t<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e2u nay khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ng\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t, b\u00e0 con n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 do h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eafp tr\u1ed5 c\u1edd phun r\u00e2u 2 tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ed5 c\u1edd n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean 35o<\/sup>C, ho\u1eb7c \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u01b0\u1edbi 50% ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean th\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ebft h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n, ng\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng tung ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 tinh kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

\u2013 M\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tung ph\u1ea5n, l\u00e0m ph\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng tung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1ef1a \u1edf r\u00e2u ng\u00f4 c\u0169ng tr\u00f4i \u0111i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

\u2013 R\u00e9t \u0111\u1eadm (d\u01b0\u1edbi 15o<\/sup>C) \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u1ed5 c\u1edd v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1eafp.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai qu\u00e1 chua, qu\u00e1 ph\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t. Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n, k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ea5t chua ph\u00e8n, x\u00e1m b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ea5t tri\u1ec1n d\u1ed1c\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu l\u00e2n tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y b\u1eafp thi\u1ebfu l\u00e2n l\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ecdc t\u00edm, th\u00e2n l\u00e1 chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf, r\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eafp nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t, h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m. Nhi\u1ec1u ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0o ao nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 (r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng), c\u00e2y b\u1eafp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, c\u00f2i c\u1ecdc, b\u1eafp nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ed7 c\u1edd phun r\u00e2u l\u00e0m cho phun r\u00e2u v\u00e0 tung ph\u1ea5n l\u1ec7ch nhau.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Do s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i: R\u1ec7p c\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho ph\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng tung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ng\u00f4 k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4 k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t k\u00e9m, trong \u0111\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft chi\u1ebfm 90% c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y ra ng\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y ng\u00f4 v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tung ph\u1ea5n phun r\u00e2u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean khi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng 1 gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u1eafp k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn do y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n canh t\u00e1c, x\u1ea3y ra nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed5 c\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ed5 c\u1edd phun r\u00e2u, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng ra h\u1ea1t.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e0 con n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch sau:<\/p>\n